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6 minute read
28 Sep 2023

The Impact of Subtitles and Closed Captioning for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Viewers

Creating content for a global audience can be challenging, especially in terms of accessibility. Subtitles and closed captions are crucial for making your content accessible to diverse viewers. In this blogpost, we’ll guide you through creating compliant subtitles. By the end, you’ll be equipped to enhance the accessibility of your content for all.

Table of Contents

Understanding the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Community

Understanding the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Community is essential for crafting inclusive content. The terms “Deaf” and “hard of hearing” may seem interchangeable, but they have distinct meanings: Deaf individuals have very limited to no hearing, while those who are hard of hearing may retain some degree of hearing. Both groups may identify with deaf culture and primarily use sign language for communication. Hearing impairment is a global public health concern, affecting over 5% of the world’s population, or approximately 466 million people, according to the World Health Organization. Within the community, diversity reigns, with individuals experiencing varying degrees of hearing loss. Recognizing this diversity is critical; a deaf person’s challenges in accessing audio content differ from those with mild to moderate hearing impairment, and profound hearing loss may necessitate extra support when utilizing assistive technologies like closed captioning or subtitles.

Why Subtitles and Closed Captioning Matter

Accessibility in media is not merely a courtesy; it’s a necessity. In this section, we’ll explore why subtitles and closed captioning are pivotal, breaking down barriers and making content universally inclusive.

Barriers Faced by Deaf and Hard of Hearing Viewers

For individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing, accessing audio content can be an arduous task, if not impossible. Without subtitles or closed captioning, they are excluded from the same level of engagement with media that hearing individuals enjoy. Even for those who can lip-read, there are situations where keeping up with dialogue becomes nearly impossible, such as when multiple people are speaking simultaneously or when background noise is present. Subtitles and closed captioning serve as a critical bridge, dismantling these barriers for deaf and hard of hearing viewers.

How Subtitles and Closed Captioning Break Down Barriers

Subtitles and closed captioning serve as powerful tools to enhance accessibility for deaf and hard of hearing audiences. Captions provide a visual representation of the spoken dialogue on screen, enabling viewers to follow the storyline even without audio input. This is particularly valuable for those who rely on sign language as their primary mode of communication since closed captioning allows them to follow the narrative without relying on sign language interpretation.

Additionally, subtitles and captions can extend their utility to educational contexts, such as providing transcripts for lectures or translating foreign-language films. They also benefit hearing viewers in noisy environments or those who struggle with understanding certain accents. Ultimately, subtitles and closed captioning have the potential to make audio content universally accessible.

The future of subtitles and accessibility

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What to Consider When Creating Accessibility

Crafting accessible content goes beyond good intentions; it requires meticulous attention to detail. Here, we delve into the crucial factors to consider when ensuring your content is welcoming to all, from accuracy to formatting.

Accuracy and Quality

  • The Importance of Accurate Transcription: Subtitles and closed captioning become effective only when they accurately reflect the audio content displayed on screen. Ensuring that subtitles or captions undergo meticulous proofreading is paramount to detect and rectify any typos or omitted words. Moreover, maintaining synchronization between the captions and the audio track is crucial to prevent viewer confusion and disengagement.
  • Proofreading and Editing for Errors: Prior to publication, it is imperative to carefully proofread and edit subtitles and closed captioning to eliminate errors that may have arisen during transcription. Thorough scrutiny for typos, missing words, and other discrepancies can guarantee that viewers access your content seamlessly.

Synchronization

  • Timely Display of Captions: When creating subtitles and closed captioning, displaying captions promptly is essential. Captions should appear in sync with the dialogue to avoid distracting delays that could hinder viewers’ comprehension.
  • Handling Multiple Speakers and On-Screen Actions: In scenarios featuring multiple speakers or complex on-screen actions, accurately representing these elements in subtitles or captions presents an additional layer of complexity. Special attention must be given to ensure that all audio content is correctly transcribed and displayed.

Language and Localization

  • Providing Captions in Multiple Languages: Consideration should be given to the various languages viewers may use when creating subtitles and closed captioning. Offering captions in multiple languages broadens your content’s accessibility and ensures viewers encounter no linguistic barriers.
  • Tailoring Content to Regional Dialects: It is equally important to account for the diverse regional dialects viewers may encounter. For instance, captions for a British drama should reflect UK English rather than American English to facilitate easier comprehension.

Formatting and Styling

  • Choosing Legible Fonts and Sizes: Careful selection of font type and size for subtitles or captions ensures readability on screen. Small fonts that may prove challenging to read should be avoided. Additionally, selecting a font type that stands out from the background and other on-screen elements is essential.
  • Color Contrast for Readability: The choice of caption color should prioritize readability. Opt for high-contrast colors that distinguish captions from other on-screen elements, allowing viewers to differentiate between audio content and visuals.

Sound and Music Descriptions

  • Including Descriptions of Non-Verbal Audio Cues: Incorporate descriptions of non-verbal audio cues that enhance viewers’ understanding of on-screen content. This may involve describing sound effects or the significance of background music to the narrative.
  • Handling Background Music and Environmental Sounds: Consider any background music or environmental sounds that may be present and describe them accordingly. Detailing the type of music or any noteworthy noises ensures viewers have a richer and more immersive experience.

Accessibility & Subtitling: How to make your content accessible to a wider audience

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Navigating the legal landscape of accessibility is vital in today’s media landscape. This section provides an overview of the laws and standards you need to be aware of to keep your content compliant and accessible.

Overview of Relevant Accessibility Laws (e.g., ADA, WCAG)

Creating subtitles and closed captioning requires adherence to legal requirements. In the United States, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) are prominent legal frameworks that outline accessibility standards, including the provision of subtitles and closed captioning for audio-visual material.

Compliance with Accessibility Standards

To comply with these legal obligations, ensure that subtitles and closed captioning meet high standards. This encompasses proofreading for errors, synchronization with audio, offering captions in multiple languages, and tailoring content to regional dialects. Complying with these standards is imperative to guarantee that all viewers can access your content without hindrance.

Consequences of Non-Compliance

Failure to meet legal accessibility requirements carries substantial consequences. It may result in substantial fines, legal actions, and damage to your reputation if viewers encounter difficulties accessing your content due to subpar subtitles or closed captioning. To mitigate these risks, prioritize the creation of high-quality captions and subtitles.

Amberscript: Advancing Accessibility Through Subtitling and Captioning

Embracing cutting-edge technology can streamline the subtitle creation process. We’ll explore the advantages and intricacies of using Amberscript, to create accurate and efficient subtitles for your content.

  • Machine-made Transcription: Amberscript’s Machine-Powered Transcription service swiftly and accurately transforms spoken content into written text, laying a solid foundation for the subtitling and captioning process. Its versatility in handling diverse audio qualities and accents ensures that every word is faithfully transcribed.
  • AI-Driven Subtitling: Powered by artificial intelligence, Amberscript’s AI-Driven Subtitling service seamlessly transforms transcribed text into synchronized on-screen subtitles and captions. This streamlined integration expedites the workflow, allowing content creators to focus on enhancing the quality and context of their subtitles, all while ensuring accessibility for deaf and hard of hearing audiences.
  • Human-made Subtitles: Recognizing the nuances and cultural subtleties of language, Amberscript’s Human-Crafted Subtitling service brings a personal touch to the art of subtitling. Skilled professionals meticulously craft subtitles, preserving the emotional impact and precision of every dialogue, ensuring a profound and authentic viewing experience.
  • Translated Subtitles: In the diverse world of video and film, Amberscript’s Translated Subtitles foster cross-cultural connections. By expertly translating subtitles and captions, this service enables your video footage to resonate with international audiences and enriches the experience for viewers of different language backgrounds.
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Charting the Path Forward: Advancing Accessibility for All

Looking ahead, the journey toward greater accessibility for the hard of hearing and deaf community is one of ongoing innovation and collaboration. Technologies like Amberscript, with its AI-powered and Human-made solutions, offer promising avenues to make the process of subtitling and captioning more efficient and precise. However, our commitment to accessibility goes beyond technology—it’s a testament to our collective dedication to inclusivity.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • What is Digital accessibility?

    Digital accessibility is the ability of a website, mobile application or electronic document
    to be easily navigated and understood by a wide range of users, including those users
    who have visual, auditory, motor or cognitive disabilities.

  • Why is Digital accessibility important?

    Digital accessibility is important because it promotes inclusivity and ensures that everyone, regardless of any disability, can have access to the same information. As more and more services and processes in our society become digitalized, it is important to ensure that everyone can enjoy these services and processes. Digital accessibility has also become a topic of interest in European politics, so much so that there are now laws which make it mandatory for public institutions to make all their content understandable and readable for everyone.

  • How to become compliant with the WCAG 2.1?

    To become compliant with the WCAG 2.1, it is important to ensure that all audio and video files and features on your website have a textual alternative and vice versa. Do you need to convert audio/video to text? Or do you want to generate captions/subtitles? You can use Amberscript to do so!

  • How is the topic of Digital accessibility related to the EU legislation 2016/2102?

    On the 22nd of September 2016, the EU published a directive on digital accessibility regarding the websites of public institutions.

    The objectives included in the directive are to be implemented in each EU member state’s national law as of the 23rd of September 2018 and have come into effect. Public institutions are to conform to the European Norm (EN 301 549 V 2.1.2), which refers to a level “A” or level “AA” of the international standards of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1), as valid minimum requirements in digital accessibility.

    To learn more about this topic, read our blog about Digital accessibility and WCAG 2.1 standards.

  • Can I change the position of the subtitles?

    That needs to be done using a video editor like VLC. Go to Tools > Preferences [CTRL + P]. Under Show settings, select the option that says All to switch to the advanced preferences. Navigate to Input/Codecs > Subtitle codecs > Subtitles. Under Text subtitle decoder set, the Subtitle justification to left, right or center.

  • How do I generate captions?

    You can generate captions automatically using Amberscript. Our software allows you to export transcription based on audio/video files as SRT, EBU-STL or VTT files, which can easily be inserted into a video-editor. Want to know more? Here is a step-by-step guide.

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